With VPN connections, all data is elaborately encrypted before transmission and decrypted again after transmission. The maximum achievable throughput over a VPN connection is therefore lower for integrated systems like the FRITZ!Repeater due to the architecture than for dedicated VPN servers, for example. Throughput is influenced by

• the speed (upload and download rate) of both internet connections.
• the VPN technology used (IPSec or WireGuard).
• additional overhead caused by VPN encryption.
• the overhead of the software or communication protocols used (SMB, FTP, VoIP).
• the processing power and utilization of the FRITZ! products (FRITZ!Box or FRITZ!Repeater) used.

Depending on the file type and communication protocol, the overhead can account for up to 74% of the transmitted data. However, the upload rate of the internet connection of the VPN remote site and the FRITZ! products (FRITZ!Box or FRITZ!Repeater) being used normally limit data transmission the most.